Place cumin seeds in a medium saucepan over medium heat and toast until fragrant, about 3 minutes.
Transfer seeds to a spice grinder and grind into a powder. Combine with smoked paprkia, salt, and fennel seeds in a small bowl. Set aside.
Heat oil in saucepan over medium heat. Add shallot and fry until translucent, about 1 minute. Add red pepper, ginger, and garlic and fry for an additional minute.
Stir in spice mixture, then add tomatoes. Bring to a simmer and cook, uncovered, until tomatoes are soft, about 20 minutes.
Add brown sugar and vinegar and continue to simmer until reduced and thickened, 45-60 minutes.